A ledger where the category carries the sign
The usual bookkeeping sheet asks you to type expenses as negatives, and the usual error is a
missed minus. Here every amount is positive. You pick a category; a lookup on Setup says
whether it’s income or an expense; two helper columns split the amount, and every total —
the year at the top, the months, the P&L — is a plain SUMIFS on those columns. A category
that isn’t on the list shows “Unknown” in red and its amount lands in an “Uncategorised” line
on the P&L instead of quietly vanishing.
Pro: the trend and the P&L
Monthly gives twelve rows of income, expenses, net and cumulative net with bars, four
quarters for whoever does your estimated tax, the best month, and averages over months with
activity so September’s year-to-date isn’t diluted by an empty October. P&L lists income
categories with their share of income and expense categories with their share of expenses,
then net profit and margin.
The P&L lists categories by type without FILTER: Setup numbers the income categories
1, 2, 3 and the expense categories 1, 2, 3 with a running COUNTIF, and each P&L row looks up
its number. It’s the same trick our calendar uses for the second event on a day.
What it isn’t
A cash ledger, not double-entry bookkeeping: no invoices outstanding, no VAT logic, no
depreciation. For tax, hand the P&L to whoever does yours — it’s laid out for that.
Checked, not just built
The build recalculates both workbooks in LibreOffice and in a second, independent engine
and compares forty-six values — every year total, specific months and quarters, cumulative
net, each P&L row against sums computed outside Excel, the category numbering on Setup.